gcc (page 3)

   Options to Control Diagnostic Messages Formatting
       Traditionally, diagnostic messages have been formatted irrespective of
       the output device's aspect (e.g. its width, ...).  The options
       described below can be used to control the diagnostic messages
       formatting algorithm, e.g. how many characters per line, how often
       source location information should be reported.  Right now, only the
       C++ front end can honor these options.  However it is expected, in the
       near future, that the remaining front ends would be able to digest them
       correctly.

       -fmessage-length=n
           Try to format error messages so that they fit on lines of about n
           characters.  The default is 72 characters for g++ and 0 for the
           rest of the front ends supported by GCC.  If n is zero, then no
           line-wrapping will be done; each error message will appear on a
           single line.

       -fdiagnostics-show-location=once
           Only meaningful in line-wrapping mode.  Instructs the diagnostic
           messages reporter to emit once source location information; that
           is, in case the message is too long to fit on a single physical
           line and has to be wrapped, the source location won't be emitted
           (as prefix) again, over and over, in subsequent continuation lines.
           This is the default behavior.

       -fdiagnostics-show-location=every-line
           Only meaningful in line-wrapping mode.  Instructs the diagnostic
           messages reporter to emit the same source location information (as
           prefix) for physical lines that result from the process of breaking
           a message which is too long to fit on a single line.

       -fdiagnostics-show-option
           This option instructs the diagnostic machinery to add text to each
           diagnostic emitted, which indicates which command line option
           directly controls that diagnostic, when such an option is known to
           the diagnostic machinery.

       -Wcoverage-mismatch
           Warn if feedback profiles do not match when using the -fprofile-use
           option.  If a source file was changed between -fprofile-gen and
           -fprofile-use, the files with the profile feedback can fail to
           match the source file and GCC can not use the profile feedback
           information.  By default, GCC emits an error message in this case.
           The option -Wcoverage-mismatch emits a warning instead of an error.
           GCC does not use appropriate feedback profiles, so using this
           option can result in poorly optimized code.  This option is useful
           only in the case of very minor changes such as bug fixes to an
           existing code-base.

   Options to Request or Suppress Warnings
       Warnings are diagnostic messages that report constructions which are
       not inherently erroneous but which are risky or suggest there may have
       been an error.

       The following language-independent options do not enable specific
       warnings but control the kinds of diagnostics produced by GCC.

       -fsyntax-only
           Check the code for syntax errors, but don't do anything beyond
           that.

       -w  Inhibit all warning messages.

       -Werror
           Make all warnings into errors.

       -Werror=
           Make the specified warning into an error.  The specifier for a
           warning is appended, for example -Werror=switch turns the warnings
           controlled by -Wswitch into errors.  This switch takes a negative
           form, to be used to negate -Werror for specific warnings, for
           example -Wno-error=switch makes -Wswitch warnings not be errors,
           even when -Werror is in effect.  You can use the
           -fdiagnostics-show-option option to have each controllable warning
           amended with the option which controls it, to determine what to use
           with this option.

           Note that specifying -Werror=foo automatically implies -Wfoo.
           However, -Wno-error=foo does not imply anything.

       -Wfatal-errors
           This option causes the compiler to abort compilation on the first
           error occurred rather than trying to keep going and printing
           further error messages.

       You can request many specific warnings with options beginning -W, for
       example -Wimplicit to request warnings on implicit declarations.  Each
       of these specific warning options also has a negative form beginning
       -Wno- to turn off warnings; for example, -Wno-implicit.  This manual
       lists only one of the two forms, whichever is not the default.  For
       further, language-specific options also refer to C++ Dialect Options
       and Objective-C and Objective-C++ Dialect Options.

       -pedantic
           Issue all the warnings demanded by strict ISO C and ISO C++; reject
           all programs that use forbidden extensions, and some other programs
           that do not follow ISO C and ISO C++.  For ISO C, follows the
           version of the ISO C standard specified by any -std option used.

           Valid ISO C and ISO C++ programs should compile properly with or
           without this option (though a rare few will require -ansi or a -std
           option specifying the required version of ISO C).  However, without
           this option, certain GNU extensions and traditional C and C++
           features are supported as well.  With this option, they are
           rejected.

           -pedantic does not cause warning messages for use of the alternate
           keywords whose names begin and end with __.  Pedantic warnings are
           also disabled in the expression that follows "__extension__".
           However, only system header files should use these escape routes;
           application programs should avoid them.

           Some users try to use -pedantic to check programs for strict ISO C
           conformance.  They soon find that it does not do quite what they
           want: it finds some non-ISO practices, but not all---only those for
           which ISO C requires a diagnostic, and some others for which
           diagnostics have been added.

           A feature to report any failure to conform to ISO C might be useful
           in some instances, but would require considerable additional work
           and would be quite different from -pedantic.  We don't have plans
           to support such a feature in the near future.

           Where the standard specified with -std represents a GNU extended
           dialect of C, such as gnu89 or gnu99, there is a corresponding base
           standard, the version of ISO C on which the GNU extended dialect is
           based.  Warnings from -pedantic are given where they are required
           by the base standard.  (It would not make sense for such warnings
           to be given only for features not in the specified GNU C dialect,
           since by definition the GNU dialects of C include all features the
           compiler supports with the given option, and there would be nothing
           to warn about.)

       -pedantic-errors
           Like -pedantic, except that errors are produced rather than
           warnings.

       -Wall
           This enables all the warnings about constructions that some users
           consider questionable, and that are easy to avoid (or modify to
           prevent the warning), even in conjunction with macros.  This also
           enables some language-specific warnings described in C++ Dialect
           Options and Objective-C and Objective-C++ Dialect Options.

           -Wall turns on the following warning flags:

           -Waddress -Warray-bounds (only with -O2) -Wc++0x-compat
           -Wchar-subscripts -Wimplicit-int -Wimplicit-function-declaration
           -Wcomment -Wformat -Wmain (only for C/ObjC and unless
           -ffreestanding) -Wmissing-braces -Wnonnull -Wparentheses
           -Wpointer-sign -Wreorder -Wreturn-type -Wsequence-point
           -Wsign-compare (only in C++) -Wstrict-aliasing -Wstrict-overflow=1
           -Wswitch -Wtrigraphs -Wuninitialized -Wunknown-pragmas
           -Wunused-function -Wunused-label -Wunused-value -Wunused-variable
           -Wvolatile-register-var

           Note that some warning flags are not implied by -Wall.  Some of
           them warn about constructions that users generally do not consider
           questionable, but which occasionally you might wish to check for;
           others warn about constructions that are necessary or hard to avoid
           in some cases, and there is no simple way to modify the code to
           suppress the warning. Some of them are enabled by -Wextra but many
           of them must be enabled individually.

       -Wextra
           This enables some extra warning flags that are not enabled by
           -Wall. (This option used to be called -W.  The older name is still
           supported, but the newer name is more descriptive.)

           -Wclobbered -Wempty-body -Wignored-qualifiers
           -Wmissing-field-initializers -Wmissing-parameter-type (C only)
           -Wold-style-declaration (C only) -Woverride-init -Wsign-compare
           -Wtype-limits -Wuninitialized -Wunused-parameter (only with
           -Wunused or -Wall)

           The option -Wextra also prints warning messages for the following
           cases:

           ·   A pointer is compared against integer zero with <, <=, >, or
               >=.

           ·   (C++ only) An enumerator and a non-enumerator both appear in a
               conditional expression.

           ·   (C++ only) Ambiguous virtual bases.

           ·   (C++ only) Subscripting an array which has been declared
               register.

           ·   (C++ only) Taking the address of a variable which has been
               declared register.

           ·   (C++ only) A base class is not initialized in a derived class'
               copy constructor.

       -Wchar-subscripts
           Warn if an array subscript has type "char".  This is a common cause
           of error, as programmers often forget that this type is signed on
           some machines.  This warning is enabled by -Wall.

       -Wcomment
           Warn whenever a comment-start sequence /* appears in a /* comment,
           or whenever a Backslash-Newline appears in a // comment.  This
           warning is enabled by -Wall.

       -Wformat
           Check calls to "printf" and "scanf", etc., to make sure that the
           arguments supplied have types appropriate to the format string
           specified, and that the conversions specified in the format string
           make sense.  This includes standard functions, and others specified
           by format attributes, in the "printf", "scanf", "strftime" and
           "strfmon" (an X/Open extension, not in the C standard) families (or
           other target-specific families).  Which functions are checked
           without format attributes having been specified depends on the
           standard version selected, and such checks of functions without the
           attribute specified are disabled by -ffreestanding or -fno-builtin.

           The formats are checked against the format features supported by
           GNU libc version 2.2.  These include all ISO C90 and C99 features,
           as well as features from the Single Unix Specification and some BSD
           and GNU extensions.  Other library implementations may not support
           all these features; GCC does not support warning about features
           that go beyond a particular library's limitations.  However, if
           -pedantic is used with -Wformat, warnings will be given about
           format features not in the selected standard version (but not for
           "strfmon" formats, since those are not in any version of the C
           standard).

           Since -Wformat also checks for null format arguments for several
           functions, -Wformat also implies -Wnonnull.

           -Wformat is included in -Wall.  For more control over some aspects
           of format checking, the options -Wformat-y2k,
           -Wno-format-extra-args, -Wno-format-zero-length,
           -Wformat-nonliteral, -Wformat-security, and -Wformat=2 are
           available, but are not included in -Wall.

           NOTE: In Ubuntu 8.10 and later versions this option is enabled by
           default for C, C++, ObjC, ObjC++.  To disable, use -Wformat=0.

       -Wformat-y2k
           If -Wformat is specified, also warn about "strftime" formats which
           may yield only a two-digit year.

       -Wno-format-contains-nul
           If -Wformat is specified, do not warn about format strings that
           contain NUL bytes.

       -Wno-format-extra-args
           If -Wformat is specified, do not warn about excess arguments to a
           "printf" or "scanf" format function.  The C standard specifies that
           such arguments are ignored.

           Where the unused arguments lie between used arguments that are
           specified with $ operand number specifications, normally warnings
           are still given, since the implementation could not know what type
           to pass to "va_arg" to skip the unused arguments.  However, in the
           case of "scanf" formats, this option will suppress the warning if
           the unused arguments are all pointers, since the Single Unix
           Specification says that such unused arguments are allowed.

       -Wno-format-zero-length (C and Objective-C only)
           If -Wformat is specified, do not warn about zero-length formats.
           The C standard specifies that zero-length formats are allowed.

       -Wformat-nonliteral
           If -Wformat is specified, also warn if the format string is not a
           string literal and so cannot be checked, unless the format function
           takes its format arguments as a "va_list".

       -Wformat-security
           If -Wformat is specified, also warn about uses of format functions
           that represent possible security problems.  At present, this warns
           about calls to "printf" and "scanf" functions where the format
           string is not a string literal and there are no format arguments,
           as in "printf (foo);".  This may be a security hole if the format
           string came from untrusted input and contains %n.  (This is
           currently a subset of what -Wformat-nonliteral warns about, but in
           future warnings may be added to -Wformat-security that are not
           included in -Wformat-nonliteral.)

           NOTE: In Ubuntu 8.10 and later versions this option is enabled by
           default for C, C++, ObjC, ObjC++.  To disable, use
           -Wno-format-security, or disable all format warnings with
           -Wformat=0.  To make format security warnings fatal, specify
           -Werror=format-security.

       -Wformat=2
           Enable -Wformat plus format checks not included in -Wformat.
           Currently equivalent to -Wformat -Wformat-nonliteral
           -Wformat-security -Wformat-y2k.

       -Wnonnull (C and Objective-C only)
           Warn about passing a null pointer for arguments marked as requiring
           a non-null value by the "nonnull" function attribute.

           -Wnonnull is included in -Wall and -Wformat.  It can be disabled
           with the -Wno-nonnull option.

       -Winit-self (C, C++, Objective-C and Objective-C++ only)
           Warn about uninitialized variables which are initialized with
           themselves.  Note this option can only be used with the
           -Wuninitialized option.

           For example, GCC will warn about "i" being uninitialized in the
           following snippet only when -Winit-self has been specified:

                   int f()
                   {
                     int i = i;
                     return i;
                   }

       -Wimplicit-int (C and Objective-C only)
           Warn when a declaration does not specify a type.  This warning is
           enabled by -Wall.

       -Wimplicit-function-declaration (C and Objective-C only)
           Give a warning whenever a function is used before being declared.
           In C99 mode (-std=c99 or -std=gnu99), this warning is enabled by
           default and it is made into an error by -pedantic-errors. This
           warning is also enabled by -Wall.

       -Wimplicit
           Same as -Wimplicit-int and -Wimplicit-function-declaration.  This
           warning is enabled by -Wall.

       -Wignored-qualifiers (C and C++ only)
           Warn if the return type of a function has a type qualifier such as
           "const".  For ISO C such a type qualifier has no effect, since the
           value returned by a function is not an lvalue.  For C++, the
           warning is only emitted for scalar types or "void".  ISO C
           prohibits qualified "void" return types on function definitions, so
           such return types always receive a warning even without this
           option.

           This warning is also enabled by -Wextra.

       -Wmain
           Warn if the type of main is suspicious.  main should be a function
           with external linkage, returning int, taking either zero arguments,
           two, or three arguments of appropriate types.  This warning is
           enabled by default in C++ and is enabled by either -Wall or
           -pedantic.

       -Wmissing-braces
           Warn if an aggregate or union initializer is not fully bracketed.
           In the following example, the initializer for a is not fully
           bracketed, but that for b is fully bracketed.

                   int a[2][2] = { 0, 1, 2, 3 };
                   int b[2][2] = { { 0, 1 }, { 2, 3 } };

           This warning is enabled by -Wall.

       -Wmissing-include-dirs (C, C++, Objective-C and Objective-C++ only)
           Warn if a user-supplied include directory does not exist.

       -Wparentheses
           Warn if parentheses are omitted in certain contexts, such as when
           there is an assignment in a context where a truth value is
           expected, or when operators are nested whose precedence people
           often get confused about.

           Also warn if a comparison like x<=y<=z appears; this is equivalent
           to (x<=y ? 1 : 0) <= z, which is a different interpretation from
           that of ordinary mathematical notation.

           Also warn about constructions where there may be confusion to which
           "if" statement an "else" branch belongs.  Here is an example of
           such a case:

                   {
                     if (a)
                       if (b)
                         foo ();
                     else
                       bar ();
                   }

           In C/C++, every "else" branch belongs to the innermost possible
           "if" statement, which in this example is "if (b)".  This is often
           not what the programmer expected, as illustrated in the above
           example by indentation the programmer chose.  When there is the
           potential for this confusion, GCC will issue a warning when this
           flag is specified.  To eliminate the warning, add explicit braces
           around the innermost "if" statement so there is no way the "else"
           could belong to the enclosing "if".  The resulting code would look
           like this:

                   {
                     if (a)
                       {
                         if (b)
                           foo ();
                         else
                           bar ();
                       }
                   }

           This warning is enabled by -Wall.

       -Wsequence-point
           Warn about code that may have undefined semantics because of
           violations of sequence point rules in the C and C++ standards.

           The C and C++ standards defines the order in which expressions in a
           C/C++ program are evaluated in terms of sequence points, which
           represent a partial ordering between the execution of parts of the
           program: those executed before the sequence point, and those
           executed after it.  These occur after the evaluation of a full
           expression (one which is not part of a larger expression), after
           the evaluation of the first operand of a "&&", "||", "? :" or ","
           (comma) operator, before a function is called (but after the
           evaluation of its arguments and the expression denoting the called
           function), and in certain other places.  Other than as expressed by
           the sequence point rules, the order of evaluation of subexpressions
           of an expression is not specified.  All these rules describe only a
           partial order rather than a total order, since, for example, if two
           functions are called within one expression with no sequence point
           between them, the order in which the functions are called is not
           specified.  However, the standards committee have ruled that
           function calls do not overlap.

           It is not specified when between sequence points modifications to
           the values of objects take effect.  Programs whose behavior depends
           on this have undefined behavior; the C and C++ standards specify
           that "Between the previous and next sequence point an object shall
           have its stored value modified at most once by the evaluation of an
           expression.  Furthermore, the prior value shall be read only to
           determine the value to be stored.".  If a program breaks these
           rules, the results on any particular implementation are entirely
           unpredictable.

           Examples of code with undefined behavior are "a = a++;", "a[n] =
           b[n++]" and "a[i++] = i;".  Some more complicated cases are not
           diagnosed by this option, and it may give an occasional false
           positive result, but in general it has been found fairly effective
           at detecting this sort of problem in programs.

           The standard is worded confusingly, therefore there is some debate
           over the precise meaning of the sequence point rules in subtle
           cases.  Links to discussions of the problem, including proposed
           formal definitions, may be found on the GCC readings page, at
           .

           This warning is enabled by -Wall for C and C++.

       -Wreturn-type
           Warn whenever a function is defined with a return-type that
           defaults to "int".  Also warn about any "return" statement with no
           return-value in a function whose return-type is not "void" (falling
           off the end of the function body is considered returning without a
           value), and about a "return" statement with a expression in a
           function whose return-type is "void".

           For C++, a function without return type always produces a
           diagnostic message, even when -Wno-return-type is specified.  The
           only exceptions are main and functions defined in system headers.

           This warning is enabled by -Wall.

       -Wswitch
           Warn whenever a "switch" statement has an index of enumerated type
           and lacks a "case" for one or more of the named codes of that
           enumeration.  (The presence of a "default" label prevents this
           warning.)  "case" labels outside the enumeration range also provoke
           warnings when this option is used.  This warning is enabled by
           -Wall.

       -Wswitch-default
           Warn whenever a "switch" statement does not have a "default" case.

       -Wswitch-enum
           Warn whenever a "switch" statement has an index of enumerated type
           and lacks a "case" for one or more of the named codes of that
           enumeration.  "case" labels outside the enumeration range also
           provoke warnings when this option is used.

       -Wsync-nand (C and C++ only)
           Warn when "__sync_fetch_and_nand" and "__sync_nand_and_fetch"
           built-in functions are used.  These functions changed semantics in
           GCC 4.4.

       -Wtrigraphs
           Warn if any trigraphs are encountered that might change the meaning
           of the program (trigraphs within comments are not warned about).
           This warning is enabled by -Wall.

       -Wunused-function
           Warn whenever a static function is declared but not defined or a
           non-inline static function is unused.  This warning is enabled by
           -Wall.

       -Wunused-label
           Warn whenever a label is declared but not used.  This warning is
           enabled by -Wall.

           To suppress this warning use the unused attribute.

       -Wunused-parameter
           Warn whenever a function parameter is unused aside from its
           declaration.

           To suppress this warning use the unused attribute.

       -Wno-unused-result
           Do not warn if a caller of a function marked with attribute
           "warn_unused_result" does not use its return value. The default is
           -Wunused-result.

       -Wunused-variable
           Warn whenever a local variable or non-constant static variable is
           unused aside from its declaration.  This warning is enabled by
           -Wall.

           To suppress this warning use the unused attribute.

       -Wunused-value
           Warn whenever a statement computes a result that is explicitly not
           used. To suppress this warning cast the unused expression to void.
           This includes an expression-statement or the left-hand side of a
           comma expression that contains no side effects. For example, an
           expression such as x[i,j] will cause a warning, while x[(void)i,j]
           will not.

           This warning is enabled by -Wall.

       -Wunused
           All the above -Wunused options combined.

           In order to get a warning about an unused function parameter, you
           must either specify -Wextra -Wunused (note that -Wall implies
           -Wunused), or separately specify -Wunused-parameter.

       -Wuninitialized
           Warn if an automatic variable is used without first being
           initialized or if a variable may be clobbered by a "setjmp" call.
           In C++, warn if a non-static reference or non-static const member
           appears in a class without constructors.

           If you want to warn about code which uses the uninitialized value
           of the variable in its own initializer, use the -Winit-self option.

           These warnings occur for individual uninitialized or clobbered
           elements of structure, union or array variables as well as for
           variables which are uninitialized or clobbered as a whole.  They do
           not occur for variables or elements declared "volatile".  Because
           these warnings depend on optimization, the exact variables or
           elements for which there are warnings will depend on the precise
           optimization options and version of GCC used.

           Note that there may be no warning about a variable that is used
           only to compute a value that itself is never used, because such
           computations may be deleted by data flow analysis before the
           warnings are printed.

           These warnings are made optional because GCC is not smart enough to
           see all the reasons why the code might be correct despite appearing
           to have an error.  Here is one example of how this can happen:

                   {
                     int x;
                     switch (y)
                       {
                       case 1: x = 1;
                         break;
                       case 2: x = 4;
                         break;
                       case 3: x = 5;
                       }
                     foo (x);
                   }

           If the value of "y" is always 1, 2 or 3, then "x" is always
           initialized, but GCC doesn't know this.  Here is another common
           case:

                   {
                     int save_y;
                     if (change_y) save_y = y, y = new_y;
                     ...
                     if (change_y) y = save_y;
                   }

           This has no bug because "save_y" is used only if it is set.

           This option also warns when a non-volatile automatic variable might
           be changed by a call to "longjmp".  These warnings as well are
           possible only in optimizing compilation.

           The compiler sees only the calls to "setjmp".  It cannot know where
           "longjmp" will be called; in fact, a signal handler could call it
           at any point in the code.  As a result, you may get a warning even
           when there is in fact no problem because "longjmp" cannot in fact
           be called at the place which would cause a problem.

           Some spurious warnings can be avoided if you declare all the
           functions you use that never return as "noreturn".

           This warning is enabled by -Wall or -Wextra.

       -Wunknown-pragmas
           Warn when a #pragma directive is encountered which is not
           understood by GCC.  If this command line option is used, warnings
           will even be issued for unknown pragmas in system header files.
           This is not the case if the warnings were only enabled by the -Wall
           command line option.

       -Wno-pragmas
           Do not warn about misuses of pragmas, such as incorrect parameters,
           invalid syntax, or conflicts between pragmas.  See also
           -Wunknown-pragmas.

       -Wstrict-aliasing
           This option is only active when -fstrict-aliasing is active.  It
           warns about code which might break the strict aliasing rules that
           the compiler is using for optimization.  The warning does not catch
           all cases, but does attempt to catch the more common pitfalls.  It
           is included in -Wall.  It is equivalent to -Wstrict-aliasing=3

       -Wstrict-aliasing=n
           This option is only active when -fstrict-aliasing is active.  It
           warns about code which might break the strict aliasing rules that
           the compiler is using for optimization.  Higher levels correspond
           to higher accuracy (fewer false positives).  Higher levels also
           correspond to more effort, similar to the way -O works.
           -Wstrict-aliasing is equivalent to -Wstrict-aliasing=n, with n=3.

           Level 1: Most aggressive, quick, least accurate.  Possibly useful
           when higher levels do not warn but -fstrict-aliasing still breaks
           the code, as it has very few false negatives.  However, it has many
           false positives.  Warns for all pointer conversions between
           possibly incompatible types, even if never dereferenced.  Runs in
           the frontend only.

           Level 2: Aggressive, quick, not too precise.  May still have many
           false positives (not as many as level 1 though), and few false
           negatives (but possibly more than level 1).  Unlike level 1, it
           only warns when an address is taken.  Warns about incomplete types.
           Runs in the frontend only.

           Level 3 (default for -Wstrict-aliasing): Should have very few false
           positives and few false negatives.  Slightly slower than levels 1
           or 2 when optimization is enabled.  Takes care of the common
           punn+dereference pattern in the frontend: "*(int*)&some_float".  If
           optimization is enabled, it also runs in the backend, where it
           deals with multiple statement cases using flow-sensitive points-to
           information.  Only warns when the converted pointer is
           dereferenced.  Does not warn about incomplete types.

       -Wstrict-overflow
       -Wstrict-overflow=n
           This option is only active when -fstrict-overflow is active.  It
           warns about cases where the compiler optimizes based on the
           assumption that signed overflow does not occur.  Note that it does
           not warn about all cases where the code might overflow: it only
           warns about cases where the compiler implements some optimization.
           Thus this warning depends on the optimization level.

           An optimization which assumes that signed overflow does not occur
           is perfectly safe if the values of the variables involved are such
           that overflow never does, in fact, occur.  Therefore this warning
           can easily give a false positive: a warning about code which is not
           actually a problem.  To help focus on important issues, several
           warning levels are defined.  No warnings are issued for the use of
           undefined signed overflow when estimating how many iterations a
           loop will require, in particular when determining whether a loop
           will be executed at all.

           -Wstrict-overflow=1
               Warn about cases which are both questionable and easy to avoid.
               For example: "x + 1 > x"; with -fstrict-overflow, the compiler
               will simplify this to 1.  This level of -Wstrict-overflow is
               enabled by -Wall; higher levels are not, and must be explicitly
               requested.

           -Wstrict-overflow=2
               Also warn about other cases where a comparison is simplified to
               a constant.  For example: "abs (x) >= 0".  This can only be
               simplified when -fstrict-overflow is in effect, because "abs
               (INT_MIN)" overflows to "INT_MIN", which is less than zero.
               -Wstrict-overflow (with no level) is the same as
               -Wstrict-overflow=2.

           -Wstrict-overflow=3
               Also warn about other cases where a comparison is simplified.
               For example: "x + 1 > 1" will be simplified to "x > 0".

           -Wstrict-overflow=4
               Also warn about other simplifications not covered by the above
               cases.  For example: "(x * 10) / 5" will be simplified to "x *
               2".

           -Wstrict-overflow=5
               Also warn about cases where the compiler reduces the magnitude
               of a constant involved in a comparison.  For example: "x + 2 >
               y" will be simplified to "x + 1 >= y".  This is reported only
               at the highest warning level because this simplification
               applies to many comparisons, so this warning level will give a
               very large number of false positives.

       -Warray-bounds
           This option is only active when -ftree-vrp is active (default for
           -O2 and above). It warns about subscripts to arrays that are always
           out of bounds. This warning is enabled by -Wall.

       -Wno-div-by-zero
           Do not warn about compile-time integer division by zero.  Floating
           point division by zero is not warned about, as it can be a
           legitimate way of obtaining infinities and NaNs.

       -Wsystem-headers
           Print warning messages for constructs found in system header files.
           Warnings from system headers are normally suppressed, on the
           assumption that they usually do not indicate real problems and
           would only make the compiler output harder to read.  Using this
           command line option tells GCC to emit warnings from system headers
           as if they occurred in user code.  However, note that using -Wall
           in conjunction with this option will not warn about unknown pragmas
           in system headers---for that, -Wunknown-pragmas must also be used.

       -Wfloat-equal
           Warn if floating point values are used in equality comparisons.

           The idea behind this is that sometimes it is convenient (for the
           programmer) to consider floating-point values as approximations to
           infinitely precise real numbers.  If you are doing this, then you
           need to compute (by analyzing the code, or in some other way) the
           maximum or likely maximum error that the computation introduces,
           and allow for it when performing comparisons (and when producing
           output, but that's a different problem).  In particular, instead of
           testing for equality, you would check to see whether the two values
           have ranges that overlap; and this is done with the relational
           operators, so equality comparisons are probably mistaken.

       -Wtraditional (C and Objective-C only)
           Warn about certain constructs that behave differently in
           traditional and ISO C.  Also warn about ISO C constructs that have
           no traditional C equivalent, and/or problematic constructs which
           should be avoided.

           ·   Macro parameters that appear within string literals in the
               macro body.  In traditional C macro replacement takes place
               within string literals, but does not in ISO C.

           ·   In traditional C, some preprocessor directives did not exist.
               Traditional preprocessors would only consider a line to be a
               directive if the # appeared in column 1 on the line.  Therefore
               -Wtraditional warns about directives that traditional C
               understands but would ignore because the # does not appear as
               the first character on the line.  It also suggests you hide
               directives like #pragma not understood by traditional C by
               indenting them.  Some traditional implementations would not
               recognize #elif, so it suggests avoiding it altogether.

           ·   A function-like macro that appears without arguments.

           ·   The unary plus operator.

           ·   The U integer constant suffix, or the F or L floating point
               constant suffixes.  (Traditional C does support the L suffix on
               integer constants.)  Note, these suffixes appear in macros
               defined in the system headers of most modern systems, e.g. the
               _MIN/_MAX macros in "".  Use of these macros in user
               code might normally lead to spurious warnings, however GCC's
               integrated preprocessor has enough context to avoid warning in
               these cases.

           ·   A function declared external in one block and then used after
               the end of the block.

           ·   A "switch" statement has an operand of type "long".

           ·   A non-"static" function declaration follows a "static" one.
               This construct is not accepted by some traditional C compilers.

           ·   The ISO type of an integer constant has a different width or
               signedness from its traditional type.  This warning is only
               issued if the base of the constant is ten.  I.e. hexadecimal or
               octal values, which typically represent bit patterns, are not
               warned about.

           ·   Usage of ISO string concatenation is detected.

           ·   Initialization of automatic aggregates.

           ·   Identifier conflicts with labels.  Traditional C lacks a
               separate namespace for labels.

           ·   Initialization of unions.  If the initializer is zero, the
               warning is omitted.  This is done under the assumption that the
               zero initializer in user code appears conditioned on e.g.
               "__STDC__" to avoid missing initializer warnings and relies on
               default initialization to zero in the traditional C case.

           ·   Conversions by prototypes between fixed/floating point values
               and vice versa.  The absence of these prototypes when compiling
               with traditional C would cause serious problems.  This is a
               subset of the possible conversion warnings, for the full set
               use -Wtraditional-conversion.

           ·   Use of ISO C style function definitions.  This warning
               intentionally is not issued for prototype declarations or
               variadic functions because these ISO C features will appear in
               your code when using libiberty's traditional C compatibility
               macros, "PARAMS" and "VPARAMS".  This warning is also bypassed
               for nested functions because that feature is already a GCC
               extension and thus not relevant to traditional C compatibility.

       -Wtraditional-conversion (C and Objective-C only)
           Warn if a prototype causes a type conversion that is different from
           what would happen to the same argument in the absence of a
           prototype.  This includes conversions of fixed point to floating
           and vice versa, and conversions changing the width or signedness of
           a fixed point argument except when the same as the default
           promotion.

       -Wdeclaration-after-statement (C and Objective-C only)
           Warn when a declaration is found after a statement in a block.
           This construct, known from C++, was introduced with ISO C99 and is
           by default allowed in GCC.  It is not supported by ISO C90 and was
           not supported by GCC versions before GCC 3.0.

       -Wundef
           Warn if an undefined identifier is evaluated in an #if directive.

       -Wno-endif-labels
           Do not warn whenever an #else or an #endif are followed by text.

       -Wshadow
           Warn whenever a local variable shadows another local variable,
           parameter or global variable or whenever a built-in function is
           shadowed.

       -Wlarger-than=len
           Warn whenever an object of larger than len bytes is defined.

       -Wframe-larger-than=len
           Warn if the size of a function frame is larger than len bytes.  The
           computation done to determine the stack frame size is approximate
           and not conservative.  The actual requirements may be somewhat
           greater than len even if you do not get a warning.  In addition,
           any space allocated via "alloca", variable-length arrays, or
           related constructs is not included by the compiler when determining
           whether or not to issue a warning.

       -Wunsafe-loop-optimizations
           Warn if the loop cannot be optimized because the compiler could not
           assume anything on the bounds of the loop indices.  With
           -funsafe-loop-optimizations warn if the compiler made such
           assumptions.

       -Wno-pedantic-ms-format (MinGW targets only)
           Disables the warnings about non-ISO "printf" / "scanf" format width
           specifiers "I32", "I64", and "I" used on Windows targets depending
           on the MS runtime, when you are using the options -Wformat and
           -pedantic without gnu-extensions.

       -Wpointer-arith
           Warn about anything that depends on the "size of" a function type
           or of "void".  GNU C assigns these types a size of 1, for
           convenience in calculations with "void *" pointers and pointers to
           functions.  In C++, warn also when an arithmetic operation involves
           "NULL".  This warning is also enabled by -pedantic.

       -Wtype-limits
           Warn if a comparison is always true or always false due to the
           limited range of the data type, but do not warn for constant
           expressions.  For example, warn if an unsigned variable is compared
           against zero with < or >=.  This warning is also enabled by
           -Wextra.

       -Wbad-function-cast (C and Objective-C only)
           Warn whenever a function call is cast to a non-matching type.  For
           example, warn if "int malloc()" is cast to "anything *".

       -Wc++-compat (C and Objective-C only)
           Warn about ISO C constructs that are outside of the common subset
           of ISO C and ISO C++, e.g. request for implicit conversion from
           "void *" to a pointer to non-"void" type.

       -Wc++0x-compat (C++ and Objective-C++ only)
           Warn about C++ constructs whose meaning differs between ISO C++
           1998 and ISO C++ 200x, e.g., identifiers in ISO C++ 1998 that will
           become keywords in ISO C++ 200x.  This warning is enabled by -Wall.

       -Wcast-qual
           Warn whenever a pointer is cast so as to remove a type qualifier
           from the target type.  For example, warn if a "const char *" is
           cast to an ordinary "char *".

       -Wcast-align
           Warn whenever a pointer is cast such that the required alignment of
           the target is increased.  For example, warn if a "char *" is cast
           to an "int *" on machines where integers can only be accessed at
           two- or four-byte boundaries.

       -Wwrite-strings
           When compiling C, give string constants the type "const
           char[length]" so that copying the address of one into a non-"const"
           "char *" pointer will get a warning.  These warnings will help you
           find at compile time code that can try to write into a string
           constant, but only if you have been very careful about using
           "const" in declarations and prototypes.  Otherwise, it will just be
           a nuisance. This is why we did not make -Wall request these
           warnings.

           When compiling C++, warn about the deprecated conversion from
           string literals to "char *".  This warning is enabled by default
           for C++ programs.

       -Wclobbered
           Warn for variables that might be changed by longjmp or vfork.  This
           warning is also enabled by -Wextra.

       -Wconversion
           Warn for implicit conversions that may alter a value. This includes
           conversions between real and integer, like "abs (x)" when "x" is
           "double"; conversions between signed and unsigned, like "unsigned
           ui = -1"; and conversions to smaller types, like "sqrtf (M_PI)". Do
           not warn for explicit casts like "abs ((int) x)" and "ui =
           (unsigned) -1", or if the value is not changed by the conversion
           like in "abs (2.0)".  Warnings about conversions between signed and
           unsigned integers can be disabled by using -Wno-sign-conversion.

           For C++, also warn for conversions between "NULL" and non-pointer
           types; confusing overload resolution for user-defined conversions;
           and conversions that will never use a type conversion operator:
           conversions to "void", the same type, a base class or a reference
           to them. Warnings about conversions between signed and unsigned
           integers are disabled by default in C++ unless -Wsign-conversion is
           explicitly enabled.

       -Wempty-body
           Warn if an empty body occurs in an if, else or do while statement.
           This warning is also enabled by -Wextra.

       -Wenum-compare (C++ and Objective-C++ only)
           Warn about a comparison between values of different enum types.
           This warning is enabled by default.

       -Wsign-compare
           Warn when a comparison between signed and unsigned values could
           produce an incorrect result when the signed value is converted to
           unsigned.  This warning is also enabled by -Wextra; to get the
           other warnings of -Wextra without this warning, use -Wextra
           -Wno-sign-compare.

       -Wsign-conversion
           Warn for implicit conversions that may change the sign of an
           integer value, like assigning a signed integer expression to an
           unsigned integer variable. An explicit cast silences the warning.
           In C, this option is enabled also by -Wconversion.

       -Waddress
           Warn about suspicious uses of memory addresses. These include using
           the address of a function in a conditional expression, such as
           "void func(void); if (func)", and comparisons against the memory
           address of a string literal, such as "if (x == "abc")".  Such uses
           typically indicate a programmer error: the address of a function
           always evaluates to true, so their use in a conditional usually
           indicate that the programmer forgot the parentheses in a function
           call; and comparisons against string literals result in unspecified
           behavior and are not portable in C, so they usually indicate that
           the programmer intended to use "strcmp".  This warning is enabled
           by -Wall.

       -Wlogical-op
           Warn about suspicious uses of logical operators in expressions.
           This includes using logical operators in contexts where a bit-wise
           operator is likely to be expected.

       -Waggregate-return
           Warn if any functions that return structures or unions are defined
           or called.  (In languages where you can return an array, this also
           elicits a warning.)

       -Wno-attributes
           Do not warn if an unexpected "__attribute__" is used, such as
           unrecognized attributes, function attributes applied to variables,
           etc.  This will not stop errors for incorrect use of supported
           attributes.

       -Wno-builtin-macro-redefined
           Do not warn if certain built-in macros are redefined.  This
           suppresses warnings for redefinition of "__TIMESTAMP__",
           "__TIME__", "__DATE__", "__FILE__", and "__BASE_FILE__".

       -Wstrict-prototypes (C and Objective-C only)
           Warn if a function is declared or defined without specifying the
           argument types.  (An old-style function definition is permitted
           without a warning if preceded by a declaration which specifies the
           argument types.)

       -Wold-style-declaration (C and Objective-C only)
           Warn for obsolescent usages, according to the C Standard, in a
           declaration. For example, warn if storage-class specifiers like
           "static" are not the first things in a declaration.  This warning
           is also enabled by -Wextra.

       -Wold-style-definition (C and Objective-C only)
           Warn if an old-style function definition is used.  A warning is
           given even if there is a previous prototype.

       -Wmissing-parameter-type (C and Objective-C only)
           A function parameter is declared without a type specifier in
           K&R-style functions:

                   void foo(bar) { }

           This warning is also enabled by -Wextra.

       -Wmissing-prototypes (C and Objective-C only)
           Warn if a global function is defined without a previous prototype
           declaration.  This warning is issued even if the definition itself
           provides a prototype.  The aim is to detect global functions that
           fail to be declared in header files.

       -Wmissing-declarations
           Warn if a global function is defined without a previous
           declaration.  Do so even if the definition itself provides a
           prototype.  Use this option to detect global functions that are not
           declared in header files.  In C++, no warnings are issued for
           function templates, or for inline functions, or for functions in
           anonymous namespaces.

       -Wmissing-field-initializers
           Warn if a structure's initializer has some fields missing.  For
           example, the following code would cause such a warning, because
           "x.h" is implicitly zero:

                   struct s { int f, g, h; };
                   struct s x = { 3, 4 };

           This option does not warn about designated initializers, so the
           following modification would not trigger a warning:

                   struct s { int f, g, h; };
                   struct s x = { .f = 3, .g = 4 };

           This warning is included in -Wextra.  To get other -Wextra warnings
           without this one, use -Wextra -Wno-missing-field-initializers.

       -Wmissing-noreturn
           Warn about functions which might be candidates for attribute
           "noreturn".  Note these are only possible candidates, not absolute
           ones.  Care should be taken to manually verify functions actually
           do not ever return before adding the "noreturn" attribute,
           otherwise subtle code generation bugs could be introduced.  You
           will not get a warning for "main" in hosted C environments.

       -Wmissing-format-attribute
           Warn about function pointers which might be candidates for "format"
           attributes.  Note these are only possible candidates, not absolute
           ones.  GCC will guess that function pointers with "format"
           attributes that are used in assignment, initialization, parameter
           passing or return statements should have a corresponding "format"
           attribute in the resulting type.  I.e. the left-hand side of the
           assignment or initialization, the type of the parameter variable,
           or the return type of the containing function respectively should
           also have a "format" attribute to avoid the warning.

           GCC will also warn about function definitions which might be
           candidates for "format" attributes.  Again, these are only possible
           candidates.  GCC will guess that "format" attributes might be
           appropriate for any function that calls a function like "vprintf"
           or "vscanf", but this might not always be the case, and some
           functions for which "format" attributes are appropriate may not be
           detected.

       -Wno-multichar
           Do not warn if a multicharacter constant ('FOOF') is used.  Usually
           they indicate a typo in the user's code, as they have
           implementation-defined values, and should not be used in portable
           code.

       -Wnormalized=
           In ISO C and ISO C++, two identifiers are different if they are
           different sequences of characters.  However, sometimes when
           characters outside the basic ASCII character set are used, you can
           have two different character sequences that look the same.  To
           avoid confusion, the ISO 10646 standard sets out some normalization
           rules which when applied ensure that two sequences that look the
           same are turned into the same sequence.  GCC can warn you if you
           are using identifiers which have not been normalized; this option
           controls that warning.

           There are four levels of warning that GCC supports.  The default is
           -Wnormalized=nfc, which warns about any identifier which is not in
           the ISO 10646 "C" normalized form, NFC.  NFC is the recommended
           form for most uses.

           Unfortunately, there are some characters which ISO C and ISO C++
           allow in identifiers that when turned into NFC aren't allowable as
           identifiers.  That is, there's no way to use these symbols in
           portable ISO C or C++ and have all your identifiers in NFC.
           -Wnormalized=id suppresses the warning for these characters.  It is
           hoped that future versions of the standards involved will correct
           this, which is why this option is not the default.

           You can switch the warning off for all characters by writing
           -Wnormalized=none.  You would only want to do this if you were
           using some other normalization scheme (like "D"), because otherwise
           you can easily create bugs that are literally impossible to see.

           Some characters in ISO 10646 have distinct meanings but look
           identical in some fonts or display methodologies, especially once
           formatting has been applied.  For instance "\u207F", "SUPERSCRIPT
           LATIN SMALL LETTER N", will display just like a regular "n" which
           has been placed in a superscript.  ISO 10646 defines the NFKC
           normalization scheme to convert all these into a standard form as
           well, and GCC will warn if your code is not in NFKC if you use
           -Wnormalized=nfkc.  This warning is comparable to warning about
           every identifier that contains the letter O because it might be
           confused with the digit 0, and so is not the default, but may be
           useful as a local coding convention if the programming environment
           is unable to be fixed to display these characters distinctly.

       -Wno-deprecated
           Do not warn about usage of deprecated features.

       -Wno-deprecated-declarations
           Do not warn about uses of functions, variables, and types marked as
           deprecated by using the "deprecated" attribute.

       -Wno-overflow
           Do not warn about compile-time overflow in constant expressions.

       -Woverride-init (C and Objective-C only)
           Warn if an initialized field without side effects is overridden
           when using designated initializers.

           This warning is included in -Wextra.  To get other -Wextra warnings
           without this one, use -Wextra -Wno-override-init.

       -Wpacked
           Warn if a structure is given the packed attribute, but the packed
           attribute has no effect on the layout or size of the structure.
           Such structures may be mis-aligned for little benefit.  For
           instance, in this code, the variable "f.x" in "struct bar" will be
           misaligned even though "struct bar" does not itself have the packed
           attribute:

                   struct foo {
                     int x;
                     char a, b, c, d;
                   } __attribute__((packed));
                   struct bar {
                     char z;
                     struct foo f;
                   };

       -Wpacked-bitfield-compat
           The 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3 series of GCC ignore the "packed" attribute on
           bit-fields of type "char".  This has been fixed in GCC 4.4 but the
           change can lead to differences in the structure layout.  GCC
           informs you when the offset of such a field has changed in GCC 4.4.
           For example there is no longer a 4-bit padding between field "a"
           and "b" in this structure:

                   struct foo
                   {
                     char a:4;
                     char b:8;
                   } __attribute__ ((packed));

           This warning is enabled by default.  Use
           -Wno-packed-bitfield-compat to disable this warning.

       -Wpadded
           Warn if padding is included in a structure, either to align an
           element of the structure or to align the whole structure.
           Sometimes when this happens it is possible to rearrange the fields
           of the structure to reduce the padding and so make the structure
           smaller.

       -Wredundant-decls
           Warn if anything is declared more than once in the same scope, even
           in cases where multiple declaration is valid and changes nothing.

       -Wnested-externs (C and Objective-C only)
           Warn if an "extern" declaration is encountered within a function.

       -Wunreachable-code
           Warn if the compiler detects that code will never be executed.

           This option is intended to warn when the compiler detects that at
           least a whole line of source code will never be executed, because
           some condition is never satisfied or because it is after a
           procedure that never returns.

           It is possible for this option to produce a warning even though
           there are circumstances under which part of the affected line can
           be executed, so care should be taken when removing apparently-
           unreachable code.

           For instance, when a function is inlined, a warning may mean that
           the line is unreachable in only one inlined copy of the function.

           This option is not made part of -Wall because in a debugging
           version of a program there is often substantial code which checks
           correct functioning of the program and is, hopefully, unreachable
           because the program does work.  Another common use of unreachable
           code is to provide behavior which is selectable at compile-time.

       -Winline
           Warn if a function can not be inlined and it was declared as
           inline.  Even with this option, the compiler will not warn about
           failures to inline functions declared in system headers.

           The compiler uses a variety of heuristics to determine whether or
           not to inline a function.  For example, the compiler takes into
           account the size of the function being inlined and the amount of
           inlining that has already been done in the current function.
           Therefore, seemingly insignificant changes in the source program
           can cause the warnings produced by -Winline to appear or disappear.

       -Wno-invalid-offsetof (C++ and Objective-C++ only)
           Suppress warnings from applying the offsetof macro to a non-POD
           type.  According to the 1998 ISO C++ standard, applying offsetof to
           a non-POD type is undefined.  In existing C++ implementations,
           however, offsetof typically gives meaningful results even when
           applied to certain kinds of non-POD types. (Such as a simple struct
           that fails to be a POD type only by virtue of having a
           constructor.)  This flag is for users who are aware that they are
           writing nonportable code and who have deliberately chosen to ignore
           the warning about it.

           The restrictions on offsetof may be relaxed in a future version of
           the C++ standard.

       -Wno-int-to-pointer-cast (C and Objective-C only)
           Suppress warnings from casts to pointer type of an integer of a
           different size.

       -Wno-pointer-to-int-cast (C and Objective-C only)
           Suppress warnings from casts from a pointer to an integer type of a
           different size.

       -Winvalid-pch
           Warn if a precompiled header is found in the search path but can't
           be used.

       -Wlong-long
           Warn if long long type is used.  This is default.  To inhibit the
           warning messages, use -Wno-long-long.  Flags -Wlong-long and
           -Wno-long-long are taken into account only when -pedantic flag is
           used.

       -Wvariadic-macros
           Warn if variadic macros are used in pedantic ISO C90 mode, or the
           GNU alternate syntax when in pedantic ISO C99 mode.  This is
           default.  To inhibit the warning messages, use
           -Wno-variadic-macros.

       -Wvla
           Warn if variable length array is used in the code.  -Wno-vla will
           prevent the -pedantic warning of the variable length array.

       -Wvolatile-register-var
           Warn if a register variable is declared volatile.  The volatile
           modifier does not inhibit all optimizations that may eliminate
           reads and/or writes to register variables.  This warning is enabled
           by -Wall.

       -Wdisabled-optimization
           Warn if a requested optimization pass is disabled.  This warning
           does not generally indicate that there is anything wrong with your
           code; it merely indicates that GCC's optimizers were unable to
           handle the code effectively.  Often, the problem is that your code
           is too big or too complex; GCC will refuse to optimize programs
           when the optimization itself is likely to take inordinate amounts
           of time.

       -Wpointer-sign (C and Objective-C only)
           Warn for pointer argument passing or assignment with different
           signedness.  This option is only supported for C and Objective-C.
           It is implied by -Wall and by -pedantic, which can be disabled with
           -Wno-pointer-sign.

       -Wstack-protector
           This option is only active when -fstack-protector is active.  It
           warns about functions that will not be protected against stack
           smashing.

       -Wno-mudflap
           Suppress warnings about constructs that cannot be instrumented by
           -fmudflap.

       -Woverlength-strings
           Warn about string constants which are longer than the "minimum
           maximum" length specified in the C standard.  Modern compilers
           generally allow string constants which are much longer than the
           standard's minimum limit, but very portable programs should avoid
           using longer strings.

           The limit applies after string constant concatenation, and does not
           count the trailing NUL.  In C89, the limit was 509 characters; in
           C99, it was raised to 4095.  C++98 does not specify a normative
           minimum maximum, so we do not diagnose overlength strings in C++.

           This option is implied by -pedantic, and can be disabled with
           -Wno-overlength-strings.